Tag Archives: The Son Tay Raid

Approval of the Gunship concept…

Monday October 12th, 1970

…exactly 50 years ago.

This past Friday, BGen Manor approved the concept of using an HH-53 as a gunship that Major Donohue proposed last week. Here’s the TOC Log. It states that the practicing to be done this coming week will be on Strafing Range 77 at Eglin AFB.

Here’s a story by USAF Major Ryland “Roy” Dreibelbis, Apple 4

The number of aircraft flying in our formation had grown to seven: One MC-130 with six helicopters.

Three helicopters flew behind the left wing. One of them was the HH-3 that was going to land inside the prison walls carrying Green Berets that were going release the POWs from their prison cells and two HH-53s. They would land in a safe area near the prison and stand by for potential rescue needs and pick up POWs as they were released at the prison.

Three HH-53s flew behind right wing on the MC-130. Two would carry the ground assault teams and the third was assigned the responsibility of suppressing ground fire (the Gunship, Apple 3).

I distinctly remember one refueling flight over the Gulf of Mexico at night. I was at the controls and always took pride in my refueling capability – trying to be smooth on the controls and make a connection with the refueling basket deployed from the C-130 always on the first try. This night tested my refueling skills. It was a totally dark night and we were far enough from shore that shoreline lights could not be seen. It seemed like the HC-130P tanker and my H-53 were suspended in space. I could not recognize movement except by looking at the flight instruments and the C-130 ahead of me. It seemed like we were in a dark hole, suspended in space.

You have to put the refueling probe of the HH-53 into the drogue–remember that there’s a huge rotor spinning just a few feet above. Note the distinctive dome on the top of the HC-130P. That is the long-range antenna that can detect survival beacons, the Cook Aerial Tracking Antenna Radome. NASA helped develop them for the recovery of Apollo missions.

Read the rest of Roy Dreibelbis’ story in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.

The greatest thing that happened in Vietnam…

“No Fail” Fridays
[This is the first in a series. It will be a weekly challenge to historians: The Son Tay Raid was a SUCCESS. No qualifier is appropriate. Over these next few Fridays, I’ll show you why.]

Challenge 1: There is a word that is too often used in conversations about the Son Tay Raid. That word should be banished from any analysis of the Raid. You could say it’s an ‘F-word.’ We will challenge your thinking. It may take some humility to accept the truth. For far too long, the humility requirement has only been one-way. The truth is only revealed when you can take on a more mature mindset.
* The simple mind obsesses over what is seen.
* The mature perspective takes into consideration the unseen (for two-and-a-half years after the Raid, there was major progress that no one outside Hanoi was aware of.)
* The simple mind is swayed by immediate shiny objects like punditry and political gossip.
* The mature mind trusts that a little time is needed to gather all the facts (even though Senators Gore and Fulbright and others were relentless in publicly scolding and scoring political points, the civilian and military commanders were mature in accepting the heat knowing they had made the right decision to approve the mission.)
* The simple mind is slave to personal bias against a political leader.
* The mature mind weighs the actual results, letting the data objectively guide their conclusions.

In yesterday’s photo, you saw President Nixon and Dr Kissinger. At least half of our country has pre-conceived biases against them. I’d like to challenge all of us give them credit for their noble intentions. Can we be humble enough to do that?

Humility accepts ambiguity in this world and doesn’t worry excessively about what other people will think. A commander has to make decisions even in the Fog of War. And character is to be judged in how they deal with the Friction of War—when things don’t go fully as you planned. Do you blame? Do you distance yourself from the results of your decisions? Or, to protect your image, do you avoid making difficult decisions in the first place?

It is important to note that yesterday’s Oval Office photo was AFTER the Raid. Nixon and his leaders did not distance themselves. They weighed all the best intel that technology could provide, committed themselves to the Raid’s prioritized list of objectives, made the hard decisions, and, with heroic integrity, stood publicly to honor the men who laid their lives on the line for their fellow man. We’ll post more photos of how proud America is of the Son Tay Raid.

When you consider this, how do you feel about President Nixon’s decision to approve the Son Tay Raid?

US Senator Jeremiah Denton (formerly a POW and then an Admiral) said it this way:

“The Son Tay Raid was the greatest thing that happened in Vietnam.”

Right to Left: Gen James Cartwright, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, and Senator Jeremiah Denton at the National POW/MIA Recognition Day Ceremony at the Pentagon on Sept. 18, 2009.

Reading the Raiders’ stories in Who Will Go will challenge historians (and maybe you.)

Click Here:  The book.

Briefing Dr Henry Kissinger…

Thursday October 8th , 1970

…exactly 50 years ago today.

Bull Simons, BGen Manor, and BGen Blackburn were in the White House today briefing Dr Henry Kissinger (National Security Advisor).

The photo below was taken after the mission, but it includes the decision makers that BGen Manor and Col Simons briefed at the White House exactly 50 years ago this morning.

This photo was AFTER the Raid. But I show it here because it has Dr Kissinger, BGen Manor, Colonel Simons and LtGen Vogt (far left) in the White House.

Read the Raiders’ stories in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.

0800 this morning: a debrief of last night’s mission…

Wednesday October 7th, 1970

…exactly 50 years ago today.

Story by USAF Capt Tom Waldron, Apple 3

Memorable Moment #1: When we Apple crews first were told about Son Tay and saw its location, we kind of took a really deep breath and wondered if they had the wrong target!

When we first met “Barbara” and saw the camp’s location relative to the river bend and the trees inside the compound, we proposed that the approach path of the HH-3, Banana, should be a 45 degree angle off the west wall of the camp. The guard towers were at the north and south ends of that wall. Colonel Simons did not like that angle. He worried that it would make the gun towers hard to hit with the HH-3’s miniguns.

Major Marty Donohue spoke up, “Sir, I have a solution to your problem.” Col Simons asked, “Now who are you?”

“Sir, I’m Donohue, pilot of one of the Apple HH-53 helicopters. During the final approach, our HH-53 could drop down and speed ahead to cross the wall of the POW camp first. We’d be at 20 feet and 50 knots. My door/window gunners can take the towers out with our miniguns. We have another gun in the rear.” Col Simons was open to the idea and decided he wanted to see how Air Force guys shoot guns.

So, we set up a mission at one of Eglin’s gunnery ranges. The staff had set up strafing material sheets to simulate where our “items” would be located—no holes would be allowed there. Col Simons went along on the flight. After an hour’s flying, we were done.

At the debriefing, the major who was in charge of the range explained to Colonel Simons, “Sir, I did not find any bullet holes in the sheets.” Col Simons said, “Do it.”

So, now our Flight Engineer Staff Sgt Aaron Hodges would be on the crew entry gun (left side), PJ Staff Sgt Jim Rogers on crew window (right side) and PJ Staff Sgt Angus Sowell would be on the rear. That is how Apple 3 became the mission gunship.

A night run on the Mockup in October 1970.

Read Tom Waldron’s full story in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.

Tonight at 8pm: the first Full Profile…

Tuesday Oct 6th, 1970

…exactly 50 years ago tonight.

On October 6th, we flew a “Full Profile,” including a three-hour flight, launching at 8pm, flying around Lower Alabama, air refueling, followed by a full ground assault on the Mockup. Then we exfiltrated with a flight back to Aux Field #3 where we did a mission debriefing at 8am.

Story by Capt Jim McClam, Redwine

Memorable Moment #1:

I remember waking from a nap aboard our HH-53 while we were flying around Alabama late at night simulating the three-hour trip from Udorn RTAFB Thailand to Son Tay, at the end of which we would be landing and conducting our ground assault on the Mockup. I looked out the right front window where the minigun was and saw a C-130 next to us. I could not believe what I saw. It looked like our HH-53 was between the left wing and the tail of the C-130! I distinctly remember rubbing my eyes in disbelief that we were so close to the C-130. I could almost reach out and touch the C-130.

Later, I learned there was another HH-53 in the same position on the right side of the C-130! The Air Force Special Operations pilots were indeed practicing their TIGHT formation flying. This tight formation flying was used on the night of the Raid during our three hour flight from Udorn, Thailand, into North Vietnam as a tactic to reduce the radar signature so our aircraft would present less of a radar pattern to the North Vietnamese should it be detected.

Below are two photos of the exact same location.

Cherry 1, Banana, and Apples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In October 1970.
The second photo is the same location today (the north end of Aux Field 3—Duke Field.)

Read Jim McClam’s full story in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.