Category Archives: Navy

Inside the Airborne Command Post, part 3

Listening to every transmission from 35,000 feet

Episode 3.

At 8:45pm, Brig Gen Manor arrives at the Monkey Mountain Command Post and establishes secure, encrypted communications links with us.  The Green Berets and their aircrews arrive at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base (RTAFB) to board their mission helicopters and C-130s, all prepped and readied by their maintenance crews. 

Also ready to launch:

F-105s and EC-121s at Korat RTAFB

F-4s at Udorn RTAFB

KC-135s at U-Tapao RTAFB

A-1Es at Nakhon Phanom RTAFB

MC-130s at Takhli RTAFB

General Manor and these soldiers and the mission commanders, and many of the pilots and navigators for these aircrews had been secretly holed up at the CIA compound at Takhli for the past few days in anticipation of President Nixon’s launch order, which came through yesterday.

There is nothing unusual at this time.  I focus on my two screens, black CRTs (cathode ray tubes) with green sine waves.  My controls are dials, knobs, buttons, rollers, and switches.  The modular units before me are functioning well and, in case of equipment failure, they can immediately be swapped out by the AMTs (Airborne Maintenance Technicians).  We are in peak condition.

At 10:25, the MC-130 Cherry 2 takes off from Takhli RTAFB headed to rendezvous with the A-1Es from Nakhon Phanom RTAFB.

At 11:05, the Navy’s EP-3 “Big Look” aircraft arrives on station over the Gulf of Tonkin for electronic warfare during the massive diversionary raid on Haiphong harbor that the Navy will be providing just prior to the Son Tay Raid.

At 11:17, a formation of two HC-130s (Lime 1 and Lime 2) and six helicopters (“Banana” and Apple 1 thru Apple 5) are departing Udorn RTAFB with the 56 Green Berets who will actually set foot on the ground at the Son Tay POW camp.  This begins the three-hour chopper flight that paces the entire mission.  The timing of over one hundred aircraft is built around the smallest slowest aircraft, the crucial HH-3 Jolly Green Giant, code name “Banana,” which will land inside the courtyard of the prison in such a surprise that guards don’t have any time to shoot prisoners.  The planned H-Hour is 0215.

[NOTE:  In his book The Son Tay Raid: American POWs in Vietnam Were Not Forgotten, John Gargus explains that RC-135 Combat Apple missions were America’s means of knowing when radar sites conduct shift change.  They were reliably at 2am.  2:15 was chosen as the H-Hour, when the enemy might be at a minimum level of order.]

At 11:18, the MC-130 Cherry 1 takes off from Takhli RTAFB.  This is the special ops aircraft with unique low-level precision navigation avionics.  It will take over the formation at the North Vietnam border, leading the helicopters to Son Tay and release the flares over the POW camp at the H-Hour.

Our area is kept dimly lit so we operators can optimally see our screens, a surreal green glow on our faces.  Our workstations have a writing table.  I write my notes on our special water-soluble paper—it easily disintegrates in an emergency so as not to compromise classified information.  There are reel-to-reel tape recorders above the workstations to record intercepts of interest to be studied when back on the ground (or reviewed in flight if necessary).

On my CRTs, I clean the scratchy noise fuzz out of the signals, radio waves emanating from SAM sites in the Son Tay Area.  The CRT only shows the top half of the sine wave—that’s all we need.  An AM (amplitude modulation) signal looks like a single vertical spike.  An FM (frequency modulation) signal has a much wider and more active display with lots of spikes.  Tuning for radio frequencies of interest I can tell a lot about what equipment is emitting each signal and its location.  At times, monitoring the display for signal strength, we have the pilot modify our orbit (changing the heading or extending the oval) so as not to lose the signal in the middle of a relevant North Vietnamese military conversation.

See more photos and stories on this website and in Who Will Go, which is just as much to honor the wives and family as the men themselves.

Click Here:  The book.

Gloria goes to the White House…

November 25th, 1970, the day before Thanksgiving

…exactly 50 years ago today.

At 10pm, last last night, Tuesday Nov 24th, 1970, Gloria Adderly received a phone call at her home in Fayetteville NC. It was Colonel Bull Simons. He cordially explained that she was needed at the White House the next day. Her husband, Sergeant First Class Tyrone Adderly would be receiving a medal from the President of the United States. There was one problem: SFC Adderly was busy with debrief and preparations for this White House event, so he was not going to be able to come home to get his dress greens. All he had was the same fatigues he’d lived in for the past 3 months during the secret preparations for the Son Tay Raid.

Gloria was in the middle of her Thanksgiving preparations, but she immediately had to focus her mind on gathering all the correct uniform items for Tyrone to look the best he ever had: Tyrone was going to be in the White House. –personally meeting with the President of the United States. –on national television!

“OK, I’ve got to remember it all: Service coat. Trousers. Shirt. Tie. Army Tie Clasp. The correct belt. Name tag. Low quarters. Current shirt decorations. Current service coat decorations. Collar insignia. Rank. Are the blue shoulder cords appropriate for this ceremony?”

It’s crucial that America’s citizens have confidence in their military–that means we’ve got to look professional. Gloria made America proud. She is a wise woman: she had always taken a lot of photos and those photos now came in handy. She got the entire uniform correct.

Early the next morning Wednesday November 25th, 1970, she boarded a T-39 VIP “Lear Jet” at Pope AFB and was flown to Andrews AFB, MD. The aircraft taxied to a spot in front of the Base Operations building where there’s a “red carpet” painted on the concrete leading to the door of Base Ops. A blue staff car pulls up to the aircraft. Gloria and Tyrone meet and are given an opportunity to change him into his formal uniform at Base Ops. They are then driven directly to the White House’s East Appointment Gate, where they flow right in to enter at the East Wing.

There, Gloria and Tyrone talk in the Blue Room with Colonel Bull Simons’ wife Lucille, Brigadier General Leroy Manor’s wife Delores, and USAF Tech Sgt Leroy Wright and his wife Shirl. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Thomas Moorer is there, meeting each of them. Wives of POWs are also there–this is for them more than anyone. The Blue Room is in the center of the White House and has the famous balcony where Presidents overlook large gatherings on the South Lawn.

They are soon ushered the 40 feet down the hall to the East Room, where nearly 200 people are gathered. The President’s cabinet members, the Chiefs of Staff of the military branches, and the national print, radio, and television press crowd the room. Gloria and the other spouses sit in reserved seats in the front rows.

At the end of this magical day, Tyrone and Gloria fly home to Fort Bragg.

Now is the time for Thanksgiving.

See more photos in Who Will Go, which is just as much to honor the wives and family as the men themselves.

Click Here:  The book.

The CIA Compound in an Undisclosed Country…

Wednesday November 18th, 1970

…exactly 50 years ago today.

It was November 18th at about 3am when we stepped off the C-141 directly into a large hangar.  They loaded us into what I thought were bread trucks.  The air in this dark land had a sweet tropical smell, warm and humid.  The old warriors thought we were in Southeast Asia but were not certain.  We never knew it until many years later, but this was the CIA Compound at Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base.

When our trucks arrived at some barracks, most of us went straight to bed.  Our trip had taken 28 hours.  

I woke up around mid-morning and went outside to see what our new home looked like.  My first thought was that we were in a prison.  There was a 10- to 12-foot fence around the compound with razor barbs on the top.  I didn’t know which country we were in, but the scenery was beautiful.  There were lush green mountains that surrounded us and the air was filled with the smell of flowers.

It didn’t take long to find the chow hall.  I had a good breakfast with a couple of other raiders.  There was a bar with some pool tables and one big snooker table. 

[I had not played snooker since leaving Missouri.  There was a pool hall near our farm in the small town of Clark where the farmers played when it rained and was too wet to do their work in the fields.]

I shot a couple of games of snooker and eight ball.  I sat around and listened to some of the seasoned warriors guessing the country.  I knew one thing for sure: we weren’t in Kansas anymore, Toto.  We were told to relax and get some rest. 

There wasn’t much to do for the next couple of days, but we all knew that we were getting closer to what we had been training to do for the past three months.  I was thinking about my family and friends back home.  I thought about Mom and Dad, where they would be right now.  We were all excited about what our mission might be.  For the past three months we had rehearsed, rehearsed, and rehearsed, and we were ready to go do our job.         

Takhli RTAFB had been used by the US Air Force, but all Air Force units had moved out before 1970. BGen Manor and Colonel Simons knew of the fact that the CIA had a secret compound there in 1970 and decided it would be the perfect secret staging area for the Raid. The MC-130s Cherry 1 and Cherry 2 would launch from Takhli. All the other aircrews and the Green Berets would all be taken from Takhli to their launch bases in a couple of C-130s when the final “Go” is given by the President and General Manor.

Read the Raiders’ stories, in their own words, in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.

The real reason for the Son Tay Raid.

“No Fail” Fridays

[This is the fifth in a series. It will be a weekly challenge to historians: The Son Tay Raid was a SUCCESS. No qualifier is appropriate. Over these next few Fridays, I’ll show you why.]

Challenge 5: There is a word that is too often used in conversations about the Son Tay Raid. That word should be banished from any analysis of the Raid. You could say it’s an ‘F-word.’ We will challenge your thinking. It may take some humility to accept the truth.

Below are hundreds of reasons for the Raid.

The following is a listing of the US POWs who were in prison on the night of the Raid. However, it’s important to notice that the locations listed reflect those of each POW on November 23rd, 1970, two days after the Raid. Notice that no POWs remain in Camp Faith on November 23rd as the North Vietnamese Army immediately rushed to consolidate all POWs into two camps deep in Hanoi. In fact no POWs remain at any of the outlying camps.

You see, the Son Tay Raid succeeded. It sent the message to the North Vietnamese Government (and the POWs) that America will not let stand the abuse of our countrymen in POW camps.

The list below was made possible only by the solemn commitment made by the POWs to memorize the names of all the other POWs. POWs recited these names upon their return, to ensure an accounting for their brothers, both the surviving and the dead. Some of these men are reading this post today. We rise to honor you today.

“HH” is the Hanoi Hilton. To understand the other POW camps, there are two maps below. The first map shows the outlying POW camps that were used until the Son Tay Raid. The second map shows the POW camps that all the POWs were consolidated into after the Son Tay Raid.

This data was provided by the NAM-POW organization and Mike McGrath, Captain, US Navy (retired). You’ll find his name on this list.
These POW camps were used until the Son Tay Raid.
(Source: Honor Bound, Naval Press Institute.)
Immediately after the Son Tay Raid, all POWs were consolidated into these POW camps, which are within Hanoi. In the list above, when applicable, the particular sections of these POW camps are specified.
(Source: Honor Bound, Naval Press Institute.)

Read stories of many of these POWs, told in their own words, in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.

America, with unity, praises the Son Tay Raid.

“No Fail” Fridays

[This is the fourth in a series. It will be a weekly challenge to historians: The Son Tay Raid was a SUCCESS. No qualifier is appropriate. Over these next few Fridays, I’ll show you why.]

Challenge 4: There is a word that is too often used in conversations about the Son Tay Raid. That word should be banished from any analysis of the Raid. You could say it’s an ‘F-word.’ We will challenge your thinking. It may take some humility to accept the truth. For far too long, the humility requirement has only been one-way. The truth is only revealed when you can take on a more mature mindset.

On this eve of our 2020 election, our nation may feel more divided than ever before.

But it’s not true: 50 years ago, we were as divided as we are today (arguably more).

1968-1970 had seen racial riots in our major cities. Police were being called “pigs.” Socialists and Communists played prominently in the 1968 Presidential election. In 1970 “Global COOLING” was the alarm. The Oil & Gas industry was portrayed as a villain. Celebrities held fundraisers for Black Panther Party who were ambushing police officers with guns and bombs.
But in those years, there was much more: Assassinations of MLK and RFK, the Vietnam War, the anti-war movement, Kent State, and Hanoi Jane.

Into this came a heart-warming story of noble men: The Son Tay Raid.
No matter your party affiliation, we can choose to acknowledge that President Nixon nobly championed the Raiders. We can all give thanks for Nixon’s honorable commitment to the men of the Raid both before and after.

But this is not about President Nixon—it’s about America…because the American people spoke with unified praise of the Son Tay Raid. After all the finger pointing in Senate hearings, the following resolutions from the sovereign body speaking on behalf of the people of the United States proclaimed the beauty of the Son Tay Raid.

Excerpts from the resolutions of the House and Senate.

Read the stories of the Raiders, told in their own words, in Who Will Go.

Click Here:  The book.